I have heard about the Carlisle story" many times - they were top of the old original Division One (before it became the Premier Leauge) in the September or real early in their only season but could not maintain the form sadly.
Portsmouth also had one Season in the old Division One in he 1980s too after being so so close on many occasion so often missing out - I recall they had a great team in that era. Another Team was Middlesbrough who went up from Division 3 to Division 1 from 1987 to 1989 and nearly completed the "round trip" in equal time by just avoiding relegation in 1989/1990 from the old Division 2 then Middlesbrough had a similar spell as sounder Premier Leauge members in 1992/1993 before being relegated again after one season.